The Aryabhata satellite is India's first satellite which is named after renowned ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata. It was completely designed and fabricated in India and launched by a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket from Kapustin Yar on April 19, 1975. The primary purpose of Aryabhata was to conduct scientific experiments in the fields of X-ray astronomy, solar physics, and cosmic rays. It was designed to provide India with its first experience in satellite technology.  The satellite has a mass of 360 Kg and had an orbital life of 17 years.

Shortly after reaching orbit, Aryabhata faced technical difficulties, particularly with its power system, which led to a loss of communication. Despite these issues, the satellite managed to provide valuable data for five days. Aryabhata's successful launch and the experience gained from it laid the foundation for subsequent projects and missions by ISRO, contributing to India's emergence as a significant player in space exploration.