A cutting-edge orbital data center is set to launch to the International Space Station (ISS), marking an important step forward in advancing space-based computing. The project, sponsored by the ISS National Laboratory, will test the system's ability to provide increased data storage and real-time data processing in space, crucial capabilities for future commercial space stations.
The investigation, launching on SpaceX's 33rd commercial resupply services mission for NASA, is a collaboration between ISS National Lab Commercial Service Provider Axiom Space and open-source software leader Red Hat. For the demonstration, the team is testing in-orbit computing on an Axiom data center prototype powered by Red Hat Device Edge.
"This technology could enable real-time processing of data close to where it is generated, reducing the need for downlink bandwidth, which is precious in space," said Tony James, chief architect of science and space at Red Hat. "It could also enable time-sensitive decision making and a bit of autonomy. As experiments are running in space and decisions need to be made, you aren't having to wait hours or days for information from the ground."
Research and manufacturing on future commercial space stations will require robust data storage and processing systems, making it critical to develop technologies that support these needs. Computing in space also must overcome challenges such as power constraints, radiation and isolation from support systems.
"You need to ensure a space-based software platform has an appropriate level of resistance to damage from harsh conditions and the ability to self-heal with limited or no human intervention," James said. "The system we are testing addresses those capabilities."
The data center's software was developed using open-source technology, which encourages collaboration and innovation from developers around the globe. "This demonstration proves that open-source development truly unlocks the world's potential, even at 400 km above Earth where the space station orbits."
People have been doing computing in space for decades, but the focus has now shifted to how space-based operations could benefit from more advanced computing, James explained. For example, advanced computing could be used to monitor astronauts' health on the Moon using spacesuits outfitted with sensors that send data such as heart and breathing rate to a central location.
If an anomaly is detected, edge computing could use predictive AI models to help determine if the person has a health issue and needs to return to base. Additionally, developing data centers that successfully operate in space could help improve terrestrial data centers and those used in aircraft by increasing energy efficiency. SpaceX's 33rd commercial resupply mission for NASA is scheduled to launch no earlier than 3:55 a.m. EDT on Thursday, August 21 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.
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