Terrestrial Satellite Networks typically refer to communication networks that involve both terrestrial (ground-based) infrastructure and satellite components. These integrated networks aim to provide comprehensive and reliable communication services, leveraging the strengths of both terrestrial and satellite technologies.

• Hybrid Infrastructure: Terrestrial Satellite Networks combine ground-based infrastructure, such as towers, base stations, and fiber optic cables, with satellite systems. This hybrid approach is designed to offer a balance between the benefits of terrestrial networks (high bandwidth, low latency) and satellite networks (wide coverage, resilience in remote areas).
• Global Coverage: Satellite components in these networks contribute to global or wide-area coverage, ensuring that communication services can be extended to remote or underserved regions where terrestrial infrastructure may be lacking or economically unfeasible.
• Backhaul Connectivity: Satellite links can serve as a reliable backhaul for terrestrial networks, connecting remote or isolated areas to the broader communication infrastructure. This is particularly useful in regions with challenging terrain or limited access to traditional communication infrastructure.
• Disaster Recovery and Resilience: Terrestrial Satellite Networks enhance the resilience of communication systems, especially in disaster-prone areas. Satellite links can provide backup connectivity in the event of terrestrial network failures caused by natural disasters, accidents, or other disruptions.
• Mobile and Fixed Communication: These networks can support both mobile and fixed communication services. Mobile networks can use satellite links for coverage in remote areas or during mobility, while fixed networks may rely on satellite backhaul for connectivity in hard-to-reach locations.
• Remote Sensing and IoT Applications: Terrestrial Satellite Networks are often used for remote sensing and IoT (Internet of Things) applications. Satellite connectivity allows for data collection and communication with sensors and devices in areas without direct access to terrestrial networks.
• Military and Defense Applications: In military and defense contexts, Terrestrial Satellite Networks provide robust communication capabilities that are resistant to disruptions and suitable for operations in remote or austere environments.
• Broadband Services: Satellite components in these networks can contribute to delivering broadband services to areas where terrestrial broadband infrastructure is limited or unavailable.