Situational awareness in space (SSA) is the knowledge and understanding of position, motion, and properties of objects in space, such as satellites, debris, and other space-based assets. It includes tracking of space objects, forecasting orbits, and evaluating threats and dangers that can affect satellites, spacecrafts, or even Earth. With countless satellites, discarded rocket stages, and trash from earlier space missions, the space domain has become more crowded and congested. In order to maintain the safe and sustainable use of space, space situational awareness attempts to give accurate and current information about these objects. To pinpoint the precise location, velocity, and trajectory of objects in space, data is gathered from a variety of sources such as ground-based radars, telescopes, and space-based sensors.

Space situational awareness plays a vital role in ensuring the safety, security, and sustainability of space activities by providing valuable information to satellite operators, governments, and space organizations that are involved in space operations.

Key objectives of situational awareness in space:

• Space Object Catalog: Catalog provides essential information for tracking active satellites, rocket bodies, and predicting the movements of space debris.
• Collision Avoidance: This issues warnings and recommendations to satellite operators to take evasive actions to avoid potential collision between space objects and satellites.
• Space Weather Monitoring: Solar flares, geomagnetic storms, and coronal mass ejections are some common space weather phenomena that can affect the performance and operation of satellite and other space objects.
• Threat Identification: Identifying threats such as anti-satellites test, maneuvers, and meteroid imapcts.